| 1 |
Create a Flexible Core Layout |
Allow approximately 10–15% of the floor area to remain adaptable for changing uses. |
Households may combine living, working, studying, hosting, and multigenerational activities in one home. |
Use sliding partitions, movable furniture, and rooms that can shift between an office, guest room, playroom, or lounge. |
| 2 |
Prioritize Natural Light |
Place regularly occupied rooms along exterior walls and provide openings on more than one side where possible. |
Daylight improves visual comfort and can reduce dependence on artificial lighting during daytime hours. |
Orient living areas toward the most favorable daylight direction, while using shading devices to control glare and heat gain. |
| 3 |
Plan Cross-Ventilation |
Provide operable openings on opposing or adjacent walls in rooms where climate and local codes permit. |
Cross-ventilation can support indoor comfort in warm climates and reduce reliance on mechanical cooling during suitable weather. |
Pair windows with shaded openings, ventilated corridors, ceiling fans, or courtyards, and verify local wind and moisture conditions. |
| 4 |
Separate Public and Private Zones |
Keep bedrooms away from the main entrance and high-traffic entertainment areas whenever the site allows. |
Clear zoning supports privacy for residents, guests, remote workers, and extended family members. |
Organize the plan into entry, living, service, and sleeping zones, using short circulation paths and acoustic buffers where needed. |
| 5 |
Design an Efficient Kitchen |
Keep the primary refrigerator, sink, and cooking area close enough to reduce unnecessary movement, while preserving safe working clearances. |
Cooking practices vary across cultures, and kitchens often serve as social, storage, and family activity spaces. |
Combine a practical work zone with durable surfaces, strong ventilation, flexible storage, and an adjacent dining or service area. |
| 6 |
Include a Dedicated Home Office |
Allow a workstation footprint of roughly 1.5–2.0 m in width, plus space for comfortable chair movement and storage. |
Hybrid work, online learning, and international communication require quiet and reliable spaces at home. |
Locate the office near daylight but away from noisy circulation, and provide adequate power, data connectivity, task lighting, and acoustic control. |
| 7 |
Build in Practical Storage |
Use full-height storage in key areas and reserve space for seasonal items, cleaning equipment, luggage, and household systems. |
Different climates and cultures create different storage needs, from winter clothing to outdoor equipment and specialty cooking tools. |
Add entry storage, pantry capacity, bedroom wardrobes, utility cabinets, and concealed service access without obstructing circulation. |
| 8 |
Support Accessibility and Aging in Place |
Favor step-free routes, wider clear passages, non-slip surfaces, and bathrooms that can accommodate future support needs. |
A universally usable layout improves comfort for children, older adults, visitors, and people with temporary or permanent mobility limitations. |
Place at least one adaptable bedroom and bathroom on the main living level where feasible, and avoid unnecessary level changes. |
| 9 |
Integrate Indoor–Outdoor Living |
Connect the main living area to a usable terrace, balcony, courtyard, or garden with weather-appropriate thresholds. |
Outdoor space can extend daily living, support social gatherings, and respond to regional preferences for open-air activities. |
Use shaded outdoor areas, durable finishes, drainage, privacy screening, and large but well-protected openings suited to the local climate. |
| 10 |
Prepare for Efficient Building Performance |
Evaluate the building envelope, solar exposure, airtightness, insulation, glazing, and mechanical systems as one coordinated design. |
Energy prices, climate conditions, and building regulations differ by country, so performance must be tailored to the location. |
Use local climate data and professional energy analysis to select shading, insulation, ventilation, heating, cooling, and renewable-energy strategies. |